BOOK REVIEWS - The Military in Greek Politics
In: Nations and nationalism: journal of the Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism, Band 5, Heft 1, S. 145-146
ISSN: 1354-5078
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In: Nations and nationalism: journal of the Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism, Band 5, Heft 1, S. 145-146
ISSN: 1354-5078
WOS: 000378272400038 ; PubMed ID: 27274049 ; Farming and sedentism first appeared in southwestern Asia during the early Holocene and later spread to neighboring regions, including Europe, along multiple dispersal routes. Conspicuous uncertainties remain about the relative roles of migration, cultural diffusion, and admixture with local foragers in the early Neolithization of Europe. Here we present paleogenomic data for five Neolithic individuals from northern Greece and northwestern Turkey spanning the time and region of the earliest spread of farming into Europe. We use a novel approach to recalibrate raw reads and call genotypes from ancient DNA and observe striking genetic similarity both among Aegean early farmers and with those from across Europe. Our study demonstrates a direct genetic link between Mediterranean and Central European early farmers and those of Greece and Anatolia, extending the European Neolithic migratory chain all the way back to southwestern Asia. ; Marie Curie Initial Training Network (BEAN/Bridging the European and Anatolian Neolithic) [GA 289966]; DFGGerman Research Foundation (DFG) [BU 1403/6-1, BO 4119/1]; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; European Union (EU) SYNTHESYS/Synthesis of Systematic Resources [GA 226506-CP-CSA-INFRA]; VolkswagenstiftungVolkswagen [FKZ: 87161]; Irish Research CouncilIrish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology [GOIPG/2013/1219]; EU CodeX Project [295729]; EU Social Fund; Greek national funds research funding program THALES; Greek national funds research funding program ARISTEIA II; Swiss NSFSwiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) [31003A_156853, 31003A_149920]; BBSRCBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) [BB/L009382/1]; CoMPLEX via EPSRC [EP/F500351/1]; Sir Henry Dale Fellowship - Wellcome Trust [098386/Z/12/Z]; Sir Henry Dale Fellowship - Royal Society [098386/Z/12/Z]; National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre; Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust [100719/Z/12/Z]; University of Mainz; HPC cluster MOGON - DFG [INST 247/602-1 FUGG]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific ResearchNetherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [380-62-005]; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) [BB/L009382/1]; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [1357822] ; We thank Songul Alpaslan for help with sampling in Barcin and Eleni Stravopodi for help with sampling in Theopetra. Z.H. and R.M. are supported by a Marie Curie Initial Training Network (BEAN/Bridging the European and Anatolian Neolithic, GA 289966) awarded to M.C., S.J.S., D.G.B., M.G.T., and J. Burger. C.P., J. Burger and S.K. received funding from DFG (BU 1403/6-1). C.P. and J. Burger received funding from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. C.S. and M.S. were supported by the European Union (EU) SYNTHESYS/Synthesis of Systematic Resources GA 226506-CP-CSA-INFRA, DFG: (BO 4119/1) and Volkswagenstiftung (FKZ: 87161). L.M.C. is funded by the Irish Research Council (GOIPG/2013/1219). A.S. was supported by the EU CodeX Project 295729. K. Kotsakis, S.T., D.U.-K., P.H., and C.P. were cofinanced by the EU Social Fund and Greek national funds research funding program THALES. C.P., M.U., K. Kotsakis, S.T., and D.U.-K. were cofinanced by the EU Social Fund and the Greek national funds research funding program ARISTEIA II. M.C. was supported by Swiss NSF Grant 31003A_156853. A. K. and D.W. were supported by Swiss NSF Grant 31003A_149920. S.L. is supported by the BBSRC (Grant BB/L009382/1). L.v.D. is supported by CoMPLEX via EPSRC (Grant EP/F500351/1). G.H. is supported by a Sir Henry Dale Fellowship jointly funded by the Wellcome Trust and the Royal Society (Grant 098386/Z/12/Z) and by the National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre. M.G.T. and Y.D. are supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship Grant 100719/Z/12/Z (to M.G.T.). J. Burger is grateful for support by the University of Mainz and the HPC cluster MOGON (funded by DFG; INST 247/602-1 FUGG). F.G. was supported by Grant 380-62-005 of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research.
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine hospital services globally. This study estimated the total number of adult elective operations that would be cancelled worldwide during the 12 weeks of peak disruption due to COVID-19. Methods: A global expert response study was conducted to elicit projections for the proportion of elective surgery that would be cancelled or postponed during the 12 weeks of peak disruption. A Bayesian β-regression model was used to estimate 12-week cancellation rates for 190 countries. Elective surgical case-mix data, stratified by specialty and indication (surgery for cancer versus benign disease), were determined. This case mix was applied to country-level surgical volumes. The 12-week cancellation rates were then applied to these figures to calculate the total number of cancelled operations. Results: The best estimate was that 28 404 603 operations would be cancelled or postponed during the peak 12 weeks of disruption due to COVID-19 (2 367 050 operations per week). Most would be operations for benign disease (90·2 per cent, 25 638 922 of 28 404 603). The overall 12-week cancellation rate would be 72·3 per cent. Globally, 81·7 per cent of operations for benign conditions (25 638 922 of 31 378 062), 37·7 per cent of cancer operations (2 324 070 of 6 162 311) and 25·4 per cent of elective caesarean sections (441 611 of 1 735 483) would be cancelled or postponed. If countries increased their normal surgical volume by 20 per cent after the pandemic, it would take a median of 45 weeks to clear the backlog of operations resulting from COVID-19 disruption. Conclusion: A very large number of operations will be cancelled or postponed owing to disruption caused by COVID-19. Governments should mitigate against this major burden on patients by developing recovery plans and implementing strategies to restore surgical activity safely.
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